Iraq is widely described as an oil-dependent economy. That is only part of the truth. There are numerous other revenue sources flowing through the Iraqi state, many of which remain unaudited or poorly tracked. These streams form a significant source…
Iraq is often described as a resource-rich country with vast economic potential. But in practice, particularly after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, it has evolved in a very different direction. It shifted from a country with elements of research, development,…
I remember a question I was asked many years ago, one that never left me and, over time, pushed me to think more deeply about Iraq’s identity and how it connects to the reality we see today. “Where are you…
Iraq’s political and economic system cannot be understood without examining one of its most defining features: the presence of armed groups operating both within and beyond the state. Armed militias shaping institutions and parliament as they see fit, backed by…
For years, the current Iraqi political system has acted not only as a governing body but as the primary employer of its population. Millions rely directly on government salaries, while many more depend indirectly on state spending. This model, built…