Iraq is widely described as an oil-dependent economy. That is only part of the truth. There are numerous other revenue sources flowing through the Iraqi state, many of which remain unaudited or poorly tracked. These streams form a significant source…
Iraq is often described as a resource-rich country with vast economic potential. But in practice, particularly after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, it has evolved in a very different direction. It shifted from a country with elements of research, development,…
Iraq’s political and economic system cannot be understood without examining one of its most defining features: the presence of armed groups operating both within and beyond the state. Armed militias shaping institutions and parliament as they see fit, backed by…
Iraq’s economic struggles are often attributed to policy failures, corruption, or mismanagement. While all of these play a role, they do not fully explain the reality. The deeper issue is structural. Iraq’s economy is not simply underperforming; it is functioning…
The latest escalation involving the United States, Israel, and Iran has once again placed the Middle East at the centre of global geopolitical tension. This comes after a very short time of the continuous bombardment of Gaza and the South…